# FrontierMath Tiers 1-3 v2 (Epoch AI) 91 models with a score. Leader: GPT-6 astra with 93.7 %. | Benchmark profile | | |---|---| | Task | allgemein - Mathematik bis Forschungsniveau | | Metric | Anteil geloester Aufgaben, bester Wert ueber die Bewerter | | Direction | ↑ higher is better | | Limitation | Fuer die Anreicherung das fernste Signal. Stark reasoning-abhaengig; GPT-5.4 und DeepSeek V4 Pro sind nur mit xhigh/max gemessen. Aufgaben nicht oeffentlich - nicht nachpruefbar, aber auch nicht kontaminiert. | | As of | 15 Sept 2026 | | Source | [epoch.ai](https://epoch.ai/benchmarks) | | Licence | CC BY 4.0 — Epoch AI | ## Ranking (91) | Model | Rank | Score | Developer | EU processing: Input | EU processing: Output | all providers: Input | all providers: Output | Open weights | GPU memory (4-bit, derived) | |---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---|---:| | [GPT-6 astra](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-6-astra/) | 1 | **93.7 %** | OpenAI | €9.68 | €48.40 | €4.48 | €22.39 | – no | – | | [GPT-6.1 Sol](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-6-1-sol/) | 1 | **93.7 %** | OpenAI | €2.14 | €10.68 | €0.90 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [Claude Opus 5.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-5-5/) | 3 | **91.2 %** | Anthropic | €3.92 | €19.58 | €1.79 | €8.96 | – no | – | | [GPT-6.1 Terra](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-6-1-terra/) | 4 | **90.9 %** | OpenAI | €1.06 | €5.28 | €0.45 | €2.24 | – | – | | [Claude Fable 5.1](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-fable-5-1/) | 5 | **90.2 %** | Anthropic | €9.90 | €49.50 | €4.48 | €22.39 | – no | – | | [GPT-6 sol](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-6-sol/) | 6 | **89.8 %** | OpenAI | €2.15 | €10.75 | €0.90 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.6 sol](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-6-sol/) | 7 | **89.1 %** | OpenAI | €3.94 | €19.70 | €1.79 | €8.96 | – no | – | | [Sonnet 5.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-sonnet-5-5/) | 8 | **88.8 %** | Anthropic | €2.02 | €10.10 | €0.90 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.5 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-5-pro/) | 9 | **87.7 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €13.43 | €80.61 | – no | – | | [Fable 5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-fable-5/) | 10 | **87 %** | Anthropic | – | – | €4.48 | €22.39 | – no | – | | [Gemini 4 Argon](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-4-argon/) | 11 | **86 %** | Google | €2.02 | €10.10 | €0.90 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.6 terra](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-6-terra/) | 11 | **86 %** | OpenAI | €1.97 | €11.82 | €0.90 | €5.37 | – no | – | | [Opus 5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-5/) | 13 | **85.6 %** | Anthropic | €4.94 | €24.68 | €2.24 | €11.20 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-5/) | 14 | **85.3 %** | OpenAI | €4.93 | €29.56 | €2.24 | €13.43 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.4 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-4-pro/) | 15 | **82.5 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €13.43 | €80.61 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.6 luna](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-6-luna/) | 16 | **82.1 %** | OpenAI | €0.20 | €1.18 | €0.09 | €0.54 | – no | – | | [Muse Wonder](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/muse-wonder/) | 16 | **82.1 %** | – | – | – | €3.58 | €17.91 | – no | – | | [Opus 4.8](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-4-8/) | 18 | **80 %** | Anthropic | €4.88 | €24.40 | €2.24 | €11.20 | – no | – | | [GPT-6 luna](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-6-luna/) | 19 | **78.9 %** | OpenAI | €0.11 | €0.54 | €0.045 | €0.22 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.4](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-4/) | 20 | **78.6 %** | OpenAI | €2.60 | €13.87 | €1.12 | €6.72 | – no | – | | [Kimi K3.1 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/kimi-k3-1-pro/) | 21 | **78.2 %** | Moonshot AI | €1.79 | €8.96 | €1.79 | €8.96 | – no | – | | [Haiku 5.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-haiku-5-5/) | 22 | **75.1 %** | Anthropic | €0.10 | €0.51 | €0.045 | €0.22 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.8-Max](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-8-max/) | 23 | **74.7 %** | Alibaba Cloud | €2.24 | €5.39 | €1.48 | €4.43 | ✓ yes | [from 1,350 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-rechenzentrum) | | [gpt-5.2-pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-2-pro/) | 24 | **74 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €9.40 | €75.24 | – no | – | | [Kimi K3](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/kimi-k3/) | 25 | **72.2 %** | Moonshot AI | €2.55 | €12.76 | €1.66 | €8.51 | ✓ yes | [from 1,533 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-rechenzentrum) | | [Gemini 3.7 Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-7-flash/) | 26 | **71.6 %** | Google | €0.67 | €3.37 | €0.34 | €1.68 | – no | – | | [DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 1017](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/deepseek-v4-1-flash-1017/) | 27 | **71.2 %** | DeepSeek | €0.18 | €0.54 | €0.18 | €0.54 | – no | – | | [Opus 4.7](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-4-7/) | 28 | **70.2 %** | Anthropic | €4.88 | €24.40 | €2.24 | €11.20 | – no | – | | [Muse Spark Open](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/muse-spark-open/) | 29 | **69.8 %** | – | – | – | €1.12 | €3.81 | – | – | | [glm-5.3](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/glm-5-3/) | 30 | **68.8 %** | Z.ai | €0.45 | €1.79 | €0.18 | €0.57 | ✓ yes | [from 419 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-8x) | | [Gemini 3.8 Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-8-flash/) | 31 | **68.4 %** | Google | €0.74 | €3.68 | €0.34 | €1.68 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.2](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-2/) | 32 | **67.4 %** | OpenAI | €1.72 | €13.79 | €0.78 | €6.27 | – no | – | | [Grok 4.6](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-6/) | 33 | **66 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.79 | €5.37 | – no | – | | [Opus 4.6](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-4-6/) | 33 | **66 %** | Anthropic | €4.77 | €23.84 | €2.24 | €11.20 | – no | – | | [Claude Sonnet 5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-sonnet-5/) | 35 | **65.6 %** | Anthropic | €1.98 | €9.87 | €0.90 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/deepseek-v4-pro-0813/) | 36 | **64.6 %** | DeepSeek | €1.79 | €3.58 | €1.16 | €2.33 | ✓ yes | [from 912 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-rechenzentrum) | | [Qwen 3.7 Max](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-7-max/) | 36 | **64.6 %** | Alibaba Cloud | – | – | €1.12 | €3.36 | – no | – | | [Gemini 3.5 Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-5-flash/) | 38 | **62.8 %** | Google | €1.48 | €8.89 | €0.67 | €4.03 | – no | – | | [Gemini 3.1 Pro (Vorschau)](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-1-pro-preview/) | 39 | **59.6 %** | Google | – | – | €0.90 | €5.37 | – no | – | | [glm-5.2](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/glm-5-2/) | 40 | **59.2 %** | Z.ai | €0.81 | €2.91 | €0.15 | €0.48 | ✓ yes | [from 419 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-8x) | | [Gemini 3.6 Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-6-flash/) | 41 | **58.9 %** | Google | €0.67 | €3.37 | €0.34 | €1.68 | – no | – | | [DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/deepseek-v4-flash-0731/) | 42 | **57.5 %** | DeepSeek | €0.10 | €0.25 | €0.054 | €0.16 | ✓ yes | [from 172 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-2x) | | [Grok 4.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-5/) | 43 | **57.2 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.79 | €5.37 | – no | – | | [Kimi K2.6](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/kimi-k2-6/) | 43 | **57.2 %** | Moonshot AI | €0.43 | €2.67 | €0.35 | €1.61 | ✓ yes | [from 569 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-8x) | | [GLM 5.3 Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/glm-5-3-flash/) | 45 | **55.8 %** | Z.ai | €0.09 | €0.31 | €0.09 | €0.31 | ✓ yes | [from 180 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-2x) | | [GPT-5 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-pro/) | 45 | **55.8 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €6.72 | €53.74 | – no | – | | [gpt-5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5/) | 47 | **55.4 %** | OpenAI | €0.62 | €4.93 | €0.56 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-5 2025-08-07](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-2025-08-07/) | 47 | **55.4 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €0.56 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [Kimi K2.7 Code](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/kimi-k2-7-code/) | 49 | **54 %** | Moonshot AI | €0.59 | €2.96 | €0.59 | €2.96 | ✓ yes | [from 554 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-8x) | | [Grok 4.7](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-7/) | 50 | **53 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.79 | €5.37 | – no | – | | [Gemini 3 Flash Preview](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-flash-preview/) | 51 | **51.2 %** | Google | – | – | €0.22 | €1.34 | – no | – | | [GPT-5 mini](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-mini/) | 52 | **46.7 %** | OpenAI | €0.25 | €1.97 | €0.11 | €0.90 | – no | – | | [DeepSeek V4 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/deepseek-v4-pro/) | 53 | **45.3 %** | DeepSeek | €0.90 | €1.79 | €0.90 | €1.79 | ✓ yes | [from 884 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-rechenzentrum) | | [Grok 4.20](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-20/) | 54 | **44.9 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.27 | €2.53 | – no | – | | [Grok 4.20 Reasoning](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-20-reasoning/) | 54 | **44.9 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.12 | €2.24 | – no | – | | [grok-4.20-0309-reasoning](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-20-0309-reasoning/) | 54 | **44.9 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.12 | €2.24 | – no | – | | [Grok 4.3](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/grok-4-3/) | 57 | **42.8 %** | xAI | – | – | €1.12 | €2.24 | – no | – | | [Qwen 3.6 Plus](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-6-plus/) | 58 | **38.2 %** | Alibaba Cloud | – | – | €0.45 | €2.69 | – no | – | | [GLM 5.1](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/glm-5-1/) | 59 | **36.8 %** | Z.ai | €1.24 | €3.90 | €0.81 | €2.60 | ✓ yes | [from 419 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-8x) | | [o4-mini 2025-04-16](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/o4-mini-2025-04-16/) | 60 | **36.1 %** | OpenAI | €0.54 | €2.17 | €0.49 | €1.97 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.6-27B](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-6-27b/) | 61 | **35.09 %** | Alibaba Cloud | €0.40 | €2.70 | €0.22 | €1.79 | ✓ yes | [from 20 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-24-gb) | | [Opus 4.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-4-5/) | 62 | **34.4 %** | Anthropic | €4.77 | €23.85 | €2.24 | €11.20 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.7-Plus](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-7-plus/) | 63 | **34.39 %** | Alibaba Cloud | – | – | €0.29 | €1.15 | – no | – | | [o3](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/o3/) | 64 | **33.3 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €0.90 | €3.58 | – no | – | | [o3 2025-04-16](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/o3-2025-04-16/) | 64 | **33.3 %** | OpenAI | €0.99 | €3.94 | €0.90 | €3.58 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.5-397B-A17B](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-5-397b-a17b/) | 66 | **31.2 %** | Alibaba Cloud | €0.60 | €3.58 | €0.40 | €2.69 | ✓ yes | [from 226 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-4x) | | [Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-5-flash-lite/) | 67 | **26 %** | Google | €0.30 | €2.47 | €0.13 | €1.12 | – no | – | | [Gemini 2.5 Pro](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-2-5-pro/) | 68 | **24.6 %** | Google | €1.34 | €8.94 | €0.56 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-5.4 mini](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-4-mini/) | 69 | **24.56 %** | OpenAI | €0.74 | €4.43 | €0.34 | €2.02 | – no | – | | [Sonnet 4.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-sonnet-4-5/) | 70 | **23.9 %** | Anthropic | €2.68 | €13.42 | €1.34 | €6.72 | – no | – | | [Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gemini-3-1-flash-lite/) | 71 | **21.4 %** | Google | €0.24 | €1.46 | €0.11 | €0.67 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.6-35B-A3B](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-6-35b-a3b/) | 72 | **20.4 %** | Alibaba Cloud | €0.13 | €0.45 | €0.13 | €0.45 | ✓ yes | [from 24 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-24-gb) | | [GPT-5.4 nano](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-4-nano/) | 73 | **20.35 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €0.09 | €0.56 | – no | – | | [GPT-5 nano](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-5-nano/) | 74 | **20 %** | OpenAI | €0.049 | €0.39 | €0.022 | €0.18 | – no | – | | [Qwen3-Max](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-max/) | 75 | **18.95 %** | Alibaba Cloud | – | – | – | – | – no | – | | [o3 mini 2025-01-31](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/o3-mini-2025-01-31/) | 76 | **18.6 %** | OpenAI | €0.54 | €2.17 | €0.49 | €1.97 | – no | – | | [Qwen3.5-Flash](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/qwen3-5-flash/) | 77 | **18.25 %** | Alibaba Cloud | – | – | – | – | – no | – | | [GLM-5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/glm-5/) | 78 | **16.4 %** | Z.ai | €1.15 | €3.68 | €0.45 | €1.43 | – | – | | [o1 2024-12-17](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/o1-2024-12-17/) | 79 | **14.7 %** | OpenAI | €14.78 | €59.11 | €13.43 | €53.74 | – no | – | | [Claude Opus 4.1 (retired, except on Claude Models on Google Cloud (Google managed) and Bedrock)](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-opus-4-1/) | 80 | **12.6 %** | Anthropic | – | – | €6.72 | €33.59 | – no | – | | [gpt-4.1-mini](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4-1-mini/) | 81 | **6.7 %** | OpenAI | €0.39 | €1.53 | €0.18 | €0.72 | – no | – | | [GPT-4.1-mini-2025-04-14](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4-1-mini-2025-04-14/) | 81 | **6.7 %** | OpenAI | €0.20 | €0.79 | €0.18 | €0.72 | – no | – | | [GPT-4.1](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4-1/) | 83 | **6 %** | OpenAI | €1.97 | €7.87 | €0.90 | €3.58 | – no | – | | [GPT-4.1-2025-04-14](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4-1-2025-04-14/) | 83 | **6 %** | OpenAI | €0.99 | €3.94 | €0.90 | €3.58 | – no | – | | [Claude Haiku 4.5](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/claude-haiku-4-5/) | 85 | **5.9 %** | Anthropic | €0.89 | €4.47 | €0.45 | €2.24 | – no | – | | [GPT-4o mini](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4o-mini/) | 86 | **0.7 %** | OpenAI | €0.14 | €0.57 | €0.067 | €0.27 | – no | – | | [GPT-4o-mini-0718](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4o-mini-0718/) | 86 | **0.7 %** | OpenAI | €0.15 | €0.59 | €0.067 | €0.27 | – no | – | | [GPT-4o](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4o/) | 88 | **0.4 %** | OpenAI | €2.39 | €9.55 | €1.12 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [GPT-4o-2024-08-06](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-4o-2024-08-06/) | 88 | **0.4 %** | OpenAI | €1.23 | €4.93 | €1.12 | €4.48 | – no | – | | [Mistral Large 2.1](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/mistral-large-2-1/) | 90 | **0.34 %** | Mistral AI | – | – | – | – | ✓ yes | [from 72 GB](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/self-hosting/#tier-96-gb) | | [GPT-3.5-Turbo-0125](https://models.searchit-agent.ai/en/models/gpt-3-5-turbo-0125/) | 91 | **0 %** | OpenAI | – | – | €0.54 | €1.63 | – no | – | _Equal scores share a rank. When filtering, the rank stays the position in the whole list. GPU memory “from …” is a lower bound (parameters × 0.55 GB + 4 GB). Prices: € per 1M tokens. Source: providers' pricing pages, read and checked by searchit. As of 7 Nov 2026._ ## Price and performance 88 models with a price: vertical the score (top = better), horizontal the blended price of the cheapest offer. Filled dots are also available with processing in the EU. _Scores: FrontierMath Tiers 1-3 v2 (Epoch AI), CC BY 4.0 — Epoch AI. Taken unchanged from the source._ --- Prices as of 7 Nov 2026. Providers' list prices, without guarantee.